Sample # 15

Name: Mylia anomala

Family:Jungermanniaceae

Collection Date:- 10-12-2011

Habitat: on damp area next to a stream

Location: Field Station

Description: Medium sized green plants, grow on soil

Collector: Getachew Hatsey

Key Used: Conard, H.S. and P.L. Redfearn, Jr. 1979. How to Know the Mosses and Liverworts 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass.

1b. Plants thalloid or, if with stems and leaves, the larger leaves in two rows on the stem and third row of leaves often present on the underside of the stem (amphigastra), never on the upper side of the stem, leaf cells isodiametric and rhizoids unicellular; sporophyte short-lived with elaters present or absent in the capsule. Class II. Hepaticae. ……4

4b. Plants thalloid or leafy, with more than one chloroplast per cell; sporophyte with a sphaerical or ellipsoidal capsule…..5

5b. plants slightly flattened, distinctly divided into stem and leaf………..8

8b. archegonia at the end of the thallus, terminating its further growth, with only one developing into sporophyte, usually surrounded at the base by a perianth; sporophyte with capsule rupturing regularly into four valves…………..9

9a Rhizoids present; wall of capsule 2-10 cells thick…….(p.232)Jungermanniales

Jungermanniales

1b. Leaves entire, or toothed, or divided at tip into 2,3, or 4 lobes…..6

6b. Plants not as above; if leaves bilobed, bifurcate vitta absent……………..7

7a. Leaves transversely attached, or succubous; attached obliquely so that the edge of the leaf on upper surface of stem is attached nearer the base of the stem than the lower edge; thus the leaf slopes toward the apex of the stem……….8

8a. Leaves entire and unlobed; underleaves absent or considerably smaller than leaves…….9

9b. plants without leafless stolons……………..10

10a. Cells of middle large, with large coarse, with nodose trigones……………………(p.257)Mylia

Mylia

1a. Cuticle smooth; growing over sphagnum………….Mylia anomala

Mylia anomala

"Plants prostate, creeping or forming dense patches in peat, green to yellowish brown to fulvous, across North America south to Washington, Alberta, Wisconsin, Michigan."(Conrad and Redfearn, 1979)

links

http://www.bbsfieldguide.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/liverworts/Mylia_anomala.pdf

http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MYAN2

http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/bryophytes/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=MYLANO

Sample # 14

Name: Herbertus aduncus

Family: Herbertaceae

Collection Date:- 10-12-2011

Habitat: decaying wood

Location: Field Station

Description: Medium sized green plants, grow on soil

Collector: Getachew Hatsey

Key Used: Conard, H.S. and P.L. Redfearn, Jr. 1979. How to Know the Mosses and Liverworts 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass.

1b. Plants thalloid or, if with stems and leaves, the larger leaves in two rows on the stem and third row of leaves often present on the underside of the stem (amphigastra), never on the upper side of the stem, leaf cells isodiametric and rhizoids unicellular; sporophyte short-lived with elaters present or absent in the capsule. Class II. Hepaticae. ……4

4b. Plants thalloid or leafy, with more than one chloroplast per cell; sporophyte with a sphaerical or ellipsoidal capsule…..5

5b. plants slightly flattened, distinctly divided into stem and leaf………..8

8b. archegonia at the end of the thallus, terminating its further growth, with only one developing into sporophyte, usually surrounded at the base by a perianth; sporophyte with capsule rupturing regularly into four valves…………..9

9a Rhizoids present; wall of capsule 2-10 cells thick…….(p.232)Jungermanniales

Jungermanniales

1b. Leaves entire, or toothed, or divided at tip into 2,3 or 4 lobes…..6

6a. plants robust; leaves bilobed, more or less falacate-secund, with bifurcate vitta of elongated cells extending to or beyond the middles of the lobes……………….(p.241) Herbertus

Herbertus

Herbertus aduncus

"Plants forming extensive polster or pendulous from rock faces or tree trunks, Alaska to Washington and in the Appalachians from New York to Tennessee and South Carolina."(Conrad and Redfearn, 1979)

links

http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HEAD5

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942296005122

http://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/staff/davidry/liverworts/h_adun.htm

Sample # 13

Name: Concephalum Conicum

Family: Conocephalaceae

Collection Date:- 10-05-2011

Habitat: on a rock in a cave

Location: West Woods

Description: Medium sized green plants, grow on soil

Collector: Getachew Hatsey

Key Used: Conard, H.S. and P.L. Redfearn, Jr. 1979. How to Know the Mosses and Liverworts 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass.

1b. Plants thalloid or, if with stems and leaves, the larger leaves in two rows on the stem and third row of leaves often present on the underside of the stem (amphigastra), never on the upper side of the stem, leaf cells isodiametric and rhizoids unicellular; sporophyte short-lived with elaters present or absent in the capsule. Class II. Hepaticae. ……4

4b. Plants thalloid or leafy, with more than one chloroplast per cell; sporophyte with a sphaerical or ellipsoidal capsule…..5

5a. Plants strongly flattened, thalloid, with-out distinction between stem and leaf….6

6a. Plants with opaque thallus that is divided into an epidermis, loose tissue beneath the epidermis containing air spaces, and a lower solid, parenchyma-like tissue; rhizoids of two kinds, one with smooth wall and one with peg-like thickenings on inner wall; sporophytes with capsules not dividing regularly into four valves……(p. 239) Marchantiales

Marchantiales

1a. Air pores visible without lens, each in a polygonal area; capsules borne on the underside of an umbrella-shaped receptacles, with spirally banned elaters among spores; walls of capsules with ring-shaped thickenings………………..8

8b. Thalli without gemmae, and without marginal scales on underside…….10

10a. Air pore on a low mound of colorless cells; antheridia in a warty spot on the thallus; sporophytes beneath a cone-shaped umbrella…………….(p.283)Concephalum

Concephalum Conicum

"Thalli pale to dark green above, purplish below, 1-2cm wide, dichotomously branching upper surface with distinct polygonial areas, on mosit rocks, and soil, wide spread in North America."(Conrad and Redfearn, 1979)

links

http://www.plantoftheweek.org/week234.shtml

http://www.botany.ubc.ca/bryophyte/conocephalum.html

http://bryophytes.plant.siu.edu/imConocephalumConicum.html

Sample # 12

Name: Thuidium abietinum

Family:Thuidiaceae

Collection Date:- 10-12-2011

Habitat:on a bark of tree

Location: Field Station

Description: Medium sized green plants, grow on soil

Collector: Getachew Hatsey

Key Used: Conard, H.S. and P.L. Redfearn, Jr. 1979. How to Know the Mosses and Liverworts 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass.

1a. Plants with stems and leaves; leaves equally spaced around the stem or, if in two opposite rows, leaf cells enlongate or isodiametric and rhizoids multicellular; sporophyte persisting for weeks or months with no elaters present in the capsule. Class III MUSCL…2

2b. Plants not as above….3

3b. Plants not as above…(p.28) Subclass 3 Bryidae

Bryidae

1b. Green, brown, yellow, or blackish plant; if empty cells occur, they are not in two or three layers or they occur at the base, apex, or margin of leaf…..3

3b. Leaves inserted in three or more rows though plants sometimes strongly flatten thus appearing into rows….7

7b. Plants with peristome of more than four teeth or the peristome absent; gemmae when present at the tips of sterile stems not arrange in a cup…8

8b. Leaves well developed and persistant…9

9b. Capsule and leaves not as above….10

10b. Plants with or without a distinct stem; capsule when present with an operculum or regularly dehiscing near middle; may or may not be a ephemeral…17

17b. Plants minute to large; capsule immersed to exerted; if plants minute with immersed capsule, growing on rocks, trees or soil and not ephemeral…20

20b. Leaves without such out-growths; sometimes with deciduous gemmae….28

28b. Plants not having the above combinations of characters; peristome when present single or double, composed of teeth formed by strips of cell wall split apart through the cell cavity; growing on various substrates but not restricted to reach organic soil, bones, or other organic matter….33

33b. stems creeping and branched, archegonia, antheridia, and sporophyte lateral.......139

139a. leaves papillose, at least on the dorsal side and on the upper half of the leaf……………………….140

140b. papillae located over the cell-cavity; if located at the end of the cell not formed by projecting angle……..150

150b. Plants not conspicuously fern-like or dendroid……..152

152b. leaves not as above………..153

153b. Leaves with a single costa reaching the middle of the leaf or beyond in at least some leaves………….159

159b. plants not complanate……..160

160b. Capsule when present exserted beyond the perichaetial leaves; costa and leaf cells not as above………..161

161b. Papillae not forming a single row over the center of the cells…….163

163b. Papillae smaller, often several on one cell………..164

164b. Paraphyllia numerous, filamentous, mostly branched………………..172

172b. Paraphyllia not attached to leaves……..173

173a. Apical cell of branch leaves crowned with 2-4 papillae…….(p. 174) Thuidium

Thuidium

1b. Plants large with robust; leaf cells stoutly unipapillose………………4

4a. Stems 1-pinnate, suberect……. Thuidium abietinum

Thuidium abietinum

"Robust, rigid, dark green, yellowish, or dark brown plants, stems. Alaska to Nova Scotia, Newfoundland south to Arizona, Utah, Colorado." (Conrad and Redfearn, 1979)

Sample #11

Name: Atrichum angustatum

Family: Polytrichaceae

Collection Date:- 10-12-2011

Habitat: on damp area next to a stream

Location: Field Station

Description: Medium sized green plants, grow on soil

Collector: Getachew Hatsey

Key Used: Conard, H.S. and P.L. Redfearn, Jr. 1979. How to Know the Mosses and Liverworts 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass.

1a. Plants with stems and leaves; leaves equally spaced around the stem or, if in two opposite rows, leaf cells enlongate or isodiametric and rhizoids multicellular; sporophyte persisting for weeks or months with no elaters present in the capsule. Class III MUSCL…2

2b. Plants not as above….3

3b. Plants not as above…(p.28) Subclass 3 Bryidae

Bryidae

1b. Green, brown, yellow, or blackish plant; if empty cells occur, they are not in two or three layers or they occur at the base, apex, or margin of leaf…..3

3b. Leaves inserted in three or more rows though plants sometimes strongly flatten thus appearing into rows….7

7b. Plants with peristome of more than four teeth or the peristome absent; gemmae when present at the tips of sterile stems not arrange in a cup…8

8b. Leaves well developed and persistant…9

9b. Capsule and leaves not as above….10

10b. Plants with or without a distinct stem; capsule when present with an operculum or regularly dehiscing near middle; may or may not be a ephemeral…17

17b. Plants minute to large; capsule immersed to exerted; if plants minute with immersed capsule, growing on rocks, trees or soil and not ephemeral…20

20b. Leaves without such out-growths; sometimes with deciduous gemmae….28

28b. Plants not having the above combinations of characters; peristome when present single or double, composed of teeth formed by strips of cell wall split apart through the cell cavity; growing on various substrates but not restricted to reach organic soil, bones, or other organic matter….33

33a. Stems erect, unbranched, or with branches erect, generally in tufts; archegonia and sporophytes terminal….34

34b. Leaves, especially the bases, not as above….36

36b. leaf cells smooth…….83

83b. Plants growing on soil, rocks, or tress but not forming long creeping stems with erect, branches densely leafy…….85

85b. larger mosses, stems usually 4mm or more tall, if minute, with persistent protonema……..91

91b. leaves in five ranks; stems not as above…………..92

92b. leaves 1-5 times as long as broad…….111

111b. leaves bright to dark green……..115

115b. upper leaf cells quadrate, hexagonal, rhombic, or short-rectangular, 6 times or lass as long as wide…….118

118b. upper leaf cells hexagonal, rhombic or short-rectangular, larger…………125

125b. Marginal cells slender, fusiform, not similar to cells of lamina…………126

126a. Capsule erect, peristome single, composed of 32 teeth………………..127

127a. leaves oval-oblong or oblong-lanceolate; margins serrate; costa bearing a few short obsolete; lamella; peristome composed of 32 stout teeth attached to a transverse membrane, each tooth made up of cells…..(pg. 223) Atrichum

1a. upper leaf cells averaging 12-17 µ in longest dimention; leaves narrow, those near the middle of the stem usually leass than 1mm wide, often with 6 or more lamellae covering 1/3 of leaf near middle…………………..Atrichum angustatum

Atrichum angustatum

"Plants medium to-sized, 10-20mm high, in loose, dull, dark green tufts, on sandy soil, Manitoba to Newfoundland south the Gulf States."(Conrad and Redfearn, 1979)

Links

http://bryophytes.plant.siu.edu/imAtrichumAngustatum.html

http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ATAN3

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200002603

Sample #10

Name: Diphyscium foliosum

Family: Buxbaumiaceae

Collection Date:- 10-12-2011

Habitat: on soil next to a stream

Location: Field Station

Description: Medium sized green plants, grow on soil

Collector: Getachew Hatsey

Key Used: Conard, H.S. and P.L. Redfearn, Jr. 1979. How to Know the Mosses and Liverworts 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass.

1a. Plants with stems and leaves; leaves equally spaced around the stem or, if in two opposite rows, leaf cells enlongate or isodiametric and rhizoids multicellular; sporophyte persisting for weeks or months with no elaters present in the capsule. Class III MUSCL…2

2b. Plants not as above….3

3b. Plants not as above…(p.28) Subclass 3 Bryidae

Bryidae

1b. Green, brown, yellow, or blackish plant; if empty cells occur, they are not in two or three layers or they occur at the base, apex, or margin of leaf…..3

3b. Leaves inserted in three or more rows though plants sometimes strongly flatten thus appearing into rows….7

7b. Plants with peristome of more than four teeth or the peristome absent; gemmae when present at the tips of sterile stems not arrange in a cup…8

8b. Leaves well developed and persistant…9

9a. Capsule sessile (without a seta), inclined, asymmetric, immersed in bristle-tipped perichaetial leave; leaves of sterile stems limgulate, rounded at apex, with bulging cells in more than 1 layer, crisped when dry…..(p. 222) Diphyscium

Diphyscium foliosum

"Plants small, in rigid, dark green, brown, to blackish extensive tufts, capsules nearly sessile in forests on soil, humus, shaded bank, cliff, rock walls of ravines and gorges, wide spread in eastern North America."(Conrad and Redfearn, 1979)

Links

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242443353

http://bryophytes.plant.siu.edu/imDiphysciumFoliosum.html

http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DIFO3

Sample #9

Name: Dumortiera hirsuta

Family: Weisnerellaceae

Collection Date:- 10-05-2011

Habitat: on soil, in the woods

Location: West Woods

Description: Medium sized green plants, grow on soil

Collector: Getachew Hatsey

Key Used: Conard, H.S. and P.L. Redfearn, Jr. 1979. How to Know the Mosses and Liverworts 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass.

1b. Plants thalloid or, if with stems and leaves, the larger leaves in two rows on the stem and third row of leaves often present on the underside of the stem (amphigastra), never on the upper side of the stem, leaf cells isodiametric and rhizoids unicellular; sporophyte short-lived with elaters present or absent in the capsule. Class II. Hepaticae. ……4

4b. Plants thalloid or leafy, with more than one chloroplast per cell; sporophyte with a sphaerical or ellipsoidal capsule…..5

5a. Plants strongly flattened, thalloid, with-out distinction between stem and leaf….6

6a. Plants with opaque thallus that is divided into an epidermis, loose tissue beneath the epidermis containing air spaces, and a lower solid, parenchyma-like tissue; rhizoids of two kinds, one with smooth wall and one with peg-like thickenings on inner wall; sporophytes with capsules not dividing regularly into four valves……(p. 239) Marchantiales

Marchantiales

1b. Air pores absent, or if present visible only with a strong lens…….2

2b. Plants on mosit or dry rocks or banks, rarly, if ever, in near rosetes; capsules borne on the underside of an umbrella-shaped receptacle……..4

4a Thallus without or with only vestigial pores……(p. 285) Dumortiera

Dumortiera hirsuta

"Thalli dark green to yellowish-green, without or only with vestigial pores or polygonal areas, 1-2cm wide, up to 20cm long, Oklahoma and Missouri to Pennsylvania south to Louisiana, Alabama, and Florida."(Conrad and Redfearn, 1979)

Links

http://bryophytes.plant.siu.edu/imDumortieraHirsuta.html

http://www.jstor.org/pss/2471563

http://www.habitas.org.uk/priority/species.asp?item=36045